![]() ![]() Testing for APD includes an evaluation of the child’s auditory abilities through behavioral observation of their performance on different tasks, such as the identification of the direction of a sound source, the identification of words and/or phrases heard in competitive or distorted acoustic conditions, or the identification of syllable-type sounds and brief pure tones. Thus, any children suspected to have APD should undergo through a complete psychometric assessment ( Rosen et al., 2010). Approximately 10% of the general population is expected to be in an abnormal range for learning skills, of which 37% will present with comorbid dyslexia and 46% with comorbid APD ( Dawes and Bishop, 2010), such that APD is a possibly strong complicating factor in SLD cases. Other studies report comorbidity with Dyslexia ( Banai and Ahissar, 2006, Iliadou et al., 2009, Hämäläinen et al., 2012). ![]() For instance, the comorbidity of SLD and ADHD is relatively high, with approximately 31–45% of students with ADHD also having SLD and vice versa ( DuPaul et al., 2013, Al-Yagon, 2015). There are different factors that may interfere with the identification of SLD, such as temporal processing alterations, auditory processing disorders (APD), eye movement alterations during reading, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), among other comorbidities, which contributes to the complexity of the assessment and to the necessity of designing effective interventions. SLD affects 1–2.5% of the occidental population and encompasses different conditions that lead to functional disorders it requires monitoring and interventions throughout life, including regular medical follow-ups and health-care interventions ( Gillberg and Soderstrom, 2003). At least one symptom among comprehending difficulties in reading, writing, and academic skills must be present for a definite diagnosis. Specific learning disorder (SLD) is related to difficulties in learning and in the use of academic skills ( American Psychiatry Association, 2013). ![]()
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